Comparison/ContrastĬomparison focuses on similarities between things, and contrast focuses on their differences. This is particularly useful when an author has a unique way of dividing up the concepts, to provide new insight into the ways it might be viewed. A nice result from this type of writing is that it helps the reader to understand a complex topic by focusing on its smaller parts. Division/ClassificationĬlassification takes one large concept, and divides it into individual pieces. Academic writing can incorporate process analysis to show how an existing problem came to be, or how it might be solved, by following a clear series of steps. Technical writing includes a lot of process analysis, for instance. Process AnalysisĪnalyzing a process can also be thought of as “how-to” instruction. A definition essay takes the concept of “definition” more broadly, moving beyond a dictionary definition to deeply examine a word or concept as we actually use and understand it. In the vocabulary section we talked about word definitions in depth. It’s common to see examples used in all kinds of situations-an idea can be considered too general or abstract until we see it in action. An exemplification essay extends this idea even further: it carries one or more examples into great detail, in order to show the details of a complex problem in a way that’s easy for readers to understand. It is heavily based on sensory details: what we experience through our five senses. The purpose of description is to recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that which is being described. ![]() Literature uses narration heavily, but it also can be useful in non-fiction, academic writing for strong impact. ![]() Narration is an especially useful tool for sequencing or putting details and information into some kind of logical order, usually chronological. The purpose of narration is to tell a story or relate an event. What might lead an author to select one type of writing over another? How might each be used differently to serve the purpose of a text? 1. Here are nine of the most common types of rhetorical modes.
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